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Interview: Bruce Ikemizu, Chief Director of Japan Bullion Market Association

By SBMA

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Bruce Ikemizu is the chief director and precious metals specialist at Japan Bullion Market Association. He is currently using his knowledge and relationships within the sector to develop and grow the newly formed JBMA.

Crucible caught up with Bruce to hear more about his journey in the precious metal space, Japan’s precious metals market, and how the Japan Bullion Market Association, which he founded in 2019, is spearheading the growth of the sector.

Bruce, how did you get started in the business?

I joined the bullion market in 1987 after I graduated from Sophia University in Tokyo. I got my first job at Sumitomo Corporation, one of the biggest Japanese trading houses or Sogo-Shosha in Japanese, being assigned to the precious metals department. After working for Sumitomo for a little less than five years, I moved to Credit Suisse for two years, then Mitsui & Co. for 14 years, and Standard bank, which became ICBC Standard Bank later for another 14 years, until 2019.

I had been in the Japanese precious metals market, directly involved in trading and sales for the interbank or wholesale market until 2019, when I established Japan Bullion Market Association (JBMA). Currently, at JBMA, I examine the market somewhat indirectly from an advisor’s and analyst’s points of view. When I started with Sumitomo Corp, assigned to the precious metals department, I had never thought this would be my job until I was 60 years old, and it seems it will still be.

What is so unique and different about the Japanese precious metals market?

The Japanese market is unique and slightly different from most other countries because the key players are not Japanese megabanks, like MUFG, SMBC or Mizuho. Its uniqueness derives from the government structure. Many foreign countries regard gold as a quasi-currency, and banks often trade as one of the foreign exchanges, although the big difference from an FX desk is that most of them have physical trading teams to move around the globe. In Japan, gold is treated as a commodity, not a currency, as seen from the supervision of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, known as METI, rather than the Ministry of Finance (MOF), which governs banks’ activities. Thus, historically, trading houses have been the key players in gold and other precious metals markets, not banks that trade currencies and other financial instruments in Japan, which only applies to Japanese banks. This would also explain why I have worked in Credit Suisse and Standard Bank during my career in the Japanese precious metals market.

Could you give our readers who may not understand Japan’s precious metals market a bird’s-eye view of the sector?

The precious metals market in Japan has been through lots of ups and downs in the past 35 years that I have been in the precious metals space. To comprehend the changes that the Japanese bullion market went through and what it is today, allow me to share with you four broad areas that we need to understand about the industry: the interbank market, exchanges, physical market and precious metals financial investments.

Interbank Market

The global precious metals interbank market went through lots of changes last 20 years. There used to be an interbank Loco London market. In the Asian time zone, there were market makers in Sydney, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Singapore. They all ask and quote each other through telephone, telex and subsequently through the Reuters dealing system or trade through EBS broking. But that was the long-gone past now as the world became more sensitive to those OTC trades due to the counterparty risk, and banks are more inclined to trade on futures exchanges, where trading goes through a clearing system with no counterparty risk involved. From Tokyo, the primary interbank players had been the major trading firms, but some of them pulled out of the bullion market and currently, Mitsui & Co., Mitsubishi Corp, and Sumitomo Corp are market makers, and Sojitz is the market user active in the PM trading market.

JBMA’s launch party on October 29, 2020, in Tokyo, Japan

Exchanges

Any conversation regarding Exchanges in Japan would need to include Tokyo Commodity Exchange, also known as Tocom. Tocom has been in the Japanese commodity futures market since 1984, when the Tokyo Gold Exchange, which started in 1982, merged with the Tokyo Textile Exchange and Tokyo Rubber Exchange. The Japan Exchange, which has the Tokyo Stock Exchange, bought Tocom and became the group company of the biggest exchange group. Tocom transferred its precious metals contracts to Osaka Exchange (OSE), which was within the same JPX group that specialises in derivatives trading.

Tocom had one of the most active precious metals (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) contracts across the globe next to Comex and Nymex until around 2005. The primary source of profits for the Tokyo trading firms’ precious metal traders was arbitrage trading among Tocom, Comex, Nymex and the spot loco London market. But that profit fell as Tocom’s volume dwindled year after year, mainly due to the stricter rules by the commodity law – Act on Specified Commercial Transactions. It made marketing among Future Commodity Merchants much narrower, and thus the orders from individual investors decreased drastically. Since Tocom’s liquidity relied heavily on those investors, trading volume shrank massively. OSE, a predecessor of the precious metals contracts from Tocom, is trying hard to educate investors and promote the agreements. As JPX is a member of JBMA, we are helping them market their precious metals contracts.

Wholesale and retail physical market

Third, we have the trading firms, the primary players who import and export physical metals. They represent the upstream of the market. Depending on Japan’s market demand and supply, they could either be exporters or importers. Trading firms tend to be exporters of gold, especially in recent years, because gold is mainly an investment metal. Gold in yen prices is constantly increasing as we observe them selling back the gold investors bought a long time ago. But for the other precious metals, namely silver, platinum and palladium, trading firms are often importers as they are the providers of those metals to the industrial users. Big players such as Tanaka, Tokuriki and Ishifuku, three traditional precious metals wholesale and retail traders and Nihon Material, a newcomer compared to the big three, provide services for the individual physical investors. These brands are all London good delivery accredited. In addition to those retail traders, Mitsubishi Material, a smelting company, plays an essential role in the physical retail market. They all provide GAP (gold accumulation plan) to the investors, especially Tanaka and Mitsubishi Material, two popular ones.

The other two major physical related fields are smelting and recycling of the precious metals. Only one gold mine is still operating in Japan, Sumitomo Mining’s Hishikari gold mine, which the density of gold is more than ten times higher than the global average, but the volume is small, several tonnes a year. So, Japan’s gold production is mainly from copper and other base metal concentrates and scraps. Mitsubishi Material, Sumitomo Mining, PPC, Dowa and other smelters produce their brands of gold. The other gold comes from recyclers who specialise in collecting scraps and refining precious metals from them. Asahi Pretec and Matsuda Industry are by far the two largest recyclers. In addition to those smelters, these two recyclers’ brands are also London’s good delivery accredited and are widely accepted.

Precious Metals Financial investment

Lastly, when we talk about Precious Metals Financial Investment, we look at ETFs, CFDs, futures contracts and gold-backed crypto assets.

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking offer their precious metals ETF called Fruit of Gold, which covers gold, silver, platinum, and palladium and is also the only Japanese precious metals ETF. They are growing steadily.

Internet-based security houses like Rakuten, Monex, and SBI offer CFD precious metals trading services. These are margin-based trading accounts, just like other currency margin trading.

As I previously mentioned, OSE offers precious metals futures contracts to investors. Futures are high-risk and high-return investment methods due to the margin system. They provide more miniature contracts and spot rolling-based contracts to limit the risk and make it easier for the investors to the less risk appetite.

Earlier this year, Mitsui & Co. announced a new crypto asset called Zipang Coin. As it is a brand-new gold investment vehicle, which follows gold price, it is gathering interest from the gold investment space and crypto-assets investors needing a safe haven from the relentless volatility of other crypto assets.

Why was the Japan Bullion Market Association formed, and what has it been up to lately?

In September 2019, my colleagues and I established Japan Bullion Market Association to promote investments in precious metals in Japan and help introduce Japanese and foreign entities into the Japanese precious metals market. In addition to the others, Japan Exchange (JPX, owners of OSE) and World Platinum Investment Council (WPIC) joined us as members, and we are helping them cultivate investors in Japan.

Unfortunately, Covid-19 hit the world right after our commencement, and our activity has been mainly in cyberspace. As the world returns to normal, we hope to be more active in real life.

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Lee Jia Yi

OPERATIONS & ADMIN EXECUTIVE
Before joining SBMA, Jia Yi worked as an Admin & Reporting Officer in her previous role. She holds a Diploma in Business & Social Enterprise from Ngee Ann Polytechnic. Jia Yi is responsible for managing and maintaining physical and digital files in SBMA, supporting invoicing processes, reconciling receivables and payables, coordinating meetings and conferences. Additionally, she will provide support to the team and assist the Business Director in managing the Association’s office operations and general administrative activities.

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Emily Oh

OPERATIONS & ADMIN EXECUTIVE
Emily Oh is the Operations & Admin Executive, a seasoned professional who values teamwork and effective communication. She is skilled at adapting to new challenges and takes a proactive and resourceful approach to every task. Before joining SBMA, Emily had experience coordinating international travel arrangements and spearheading community initiatives. Her role at SBMA will be providing operational and administrative support for projects and other matters to the team.

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Clara Chang

MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS EXECUTIVE
Clara Chang joins SBMA as the Marketing & Communications Executive, enriching the team with her extensive experience in content creation, social media management, and digital marketing. Prior to joining SBMA, Clara held the position of Marketing Executive at her previous job. She holds two bachelor’s degrees from the University at Buffalo, one in International Trade and another in Geographical Information Science. Her core duties will include maintaining the SBMA website, managing the quarterly Crucible newsletter, among other responsibilities.

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Mr John Levin

Global Metals
TD Securities
John Levin is the Head of Metal Sales & Trading – APAC at the Toronto Dominion Bank’s Singapore office. Prior to this role, he devoted seven years to leading precious metal sales for the ANZ banking group in his home country, Australia. Notably, from 2009 to 2011, John played a significant role on the management committee of the London Bullion Market Association while serving as the Head of Precious Metals Sales for HSBC Global Banking and Markets in the UK.

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Fabian Lew

MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

Fabian was a Business Development and Marketing Associate before joining SBMA. He graduated from Singapore Management University with a Bachelor’s degree in Economics.

He has joined SBMA since February, 2022.

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Margaret Wong

BUSINESS DIRECTOR

Margaret Wong, Business Director at SBMA (Singapore Bullion Market Association), brought valuable experience from her previous role at the World Gold Council (WGC). Her tenure at WGC provided her with extensive exposure to the gold community in Singapore and the broader region. This background has been instrumental in establishing strong working relationships within the industry.

Margaret’s role at SBMA encompasses a diverse range of responsibilities. She oversees office management, business support processes, finance, and administrative functions essential for the smooth operation of the team and management committee. Additionally, Margaret handles membership matters, member communications, and addresses public inquiries related to SBMA.

One of Margaret’s key responsibilities is coordinating with the Event Management Company for SBMA’s prestigious annual event, the Asia Pacific Precious Metals Conference. This flagship conference plays a crucial role in the industry, making her involvement pivotal in its success.

Described as resourceful and self-motivated, Margaret Wong brings a wealth of skills and experience to her role at SBMA, ensuring efficient operations and effective engagement within the precious metals community in Singapore and beyond.

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Albert Cheng

Chief Executive Officer

Albert Cheng joined the World Gold Council in March 1993 as a Regional Manager, becoming Managing Director, Far East in 2003. He retired at the end of March 2015 and was subsequently named its Advisor. He has also been an International Advisor to the Shanghai Gold Exchange since 2002.

His marketing career began with Dentsu Young & Rubicam, Hong Kong in the early 80’s. He began gold marketing in July 1985 when he joined the Royal Canadian Mint as a Regional Manager for Southeast Asia.

He was appointed honorary CEO of SBMA in November 2015. He is responsible for the success and strategic development of SBMA, represents the interests of the Association, and is responsible for all the legal and regulatory aspects of the work of the Association. He is the primary contact for regulators and government bodies on bullion market development.

Ms Pawan Nawawattanasub

Ms Pawan Nawawattanasub

CEO
YLG Bullion Singapore Pte Ltd

Pawan is the CEO of YLG Bullion Singapore and founder of YLG Bullion International. She has almost 40 years of experience in the jewellery industry and established YLG in Thailand in 2003. In 2012, she brought YLG to Singapore. She sits on the Board of Directors of the Thailand Gold Traders Association, the Thailand Futures Exchange’s Arbitration Committee, and the Rotary Bangkok committee. She holds a master’s degree in Political Science.

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Mr Shaokai Fan

Head of Asia-Pacific (ex China) and Global Head of Central Banks
World Gold Council
Shaokai Fan is the Global Head of Central Banks at the World Gold Council, responsible for advising governments on gold matters, and enhancing the gold market through engagement, dialogue, and thought leadership. He works directly with central banks and sovereign wealth funds on investment considerations. Prior to this position, Shaokai held multiple roles at Standard Chartered Bank, including Director for Asia Strategic Initiatives and Associate-Director for Public Sector coverage. Shaokai holds a Masters of Public Administration from Columbia University and the London School of Economics, and an undergraduate degree in finance and economics from New York University.

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Mr Alan Liew

Head of Bullion & Commodities Trading
United Overseas Bank Limited
Alan is Head of Bullion and Commodities Trading for Group Trading in Global Markets, United Overseas Bank (UOB). Alan joined UOB and started the bank’s commodities trading business in 2014, previously he spent eight years in Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) trading both precious and base metals. During his tenure at SCB, he obtained the SGE gold trader licence and was part of the pioneering team for the SGE business and the FX quantitative trading team. Prior to trading, he worked for Monetary Authority of Singapore in the Financial Risk Management Division. He holds a BSc (Hon) in Computer Science at National University of Singapore and a MSc in Financial Engineering at Nanyang Technological University.

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Mr Nikos Kavalis

Managing Director
Metals Focus Singapore Pte Ltd
Nikos Kavalis is a founding partner of Metals Focus. He has over 20 years of experience in precious metals, having previously worked for the Royal Bank of Scotland and GFMS. Since September 2019, Nikos has been based in Singapore, where he also runs the local subsidiary of Metals Focus.

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Mr Nuttapong Hirunyasiri

CEO
MTS Gold Global Trading Pte Ltd
Nuttapong Hirunyasiri is the CEO of MTS Gold Group, one of Thailand’s top 10 companies and top 3 bullion companies. He started MTS Gold Group’s first overseas office in Singapore and has been expanding the group business internationally. He focuses on product development and innovation for gold investment, with the aim of being a leader in providing the full suite of gold investment services in the ASEAN region.

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Mr Raman Walia

Executive Director, Head of Commodities Sales – APAC
JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A.

Raman is Executive Director and Head of Commodities Sales, APAC, for J.P. Morgan. He joined JPMorgan in 2008 in New York, moved to Singapore in 2011, and helped expand the precious metals business in the region. Raman has an MBA from Cornell University, and likes to travel in his spare time.

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Mr Andrew Clarke

Head of Brink’s Global Services
Brink’s Global Services Pte Ltd

Andrew Clarke is the Head of BGS (Brink’s Global Services) for Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. He has held various leadership positions throughout his career in secure logistics and risk management with Brink’s, which started in Hong Kong in 2010. Andrew relocated to Singapore in 2018 to expand the precious metals line of business along with Brink’s portfolio of services and industries.

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Mr Kazuya Naoki

Head of Metals, Asia
ICBC Standard Bank Plc, Singapore Branch

Kazuya (Kaz) Naoki is the Head of Metals, Asia of ICBC Standard Bank in Singapore and is responsible for the precious & base metals sales and trading in the region. He joined Standard Bank Plc Tokyo Branch in 2008 and was relocated to its Singapore Branch in 2013 whose controlling stake was acquired by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in 2015. Prior to joining Standard Bank, Kaz spent 11 years focusing on commodity trading and risk management with Mitsui & Co in Tokyo, Sydney and London. Kaz has been serving on the SBMA Management Committee since 2016.

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Mr Vinh Nguyen

Head of Precious Metals, Asia
StoneX APAC Pte Ltd

Vinh Nguyen joined StoneX Group in Singapore at the beginning of 2008 and responsible for its APAC precious metals activities since 2019 until now.

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Mr KL Yap

General Manager, Singapore Refining Business Unit
Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte Ltd
KL YAP is the General Manager of Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte Ltd’s Singapore Refining Business Unit. He joined Metalor in 2013, initially in Refining Sales. In 2014, he became Refining Business Unit Manager, leading the development of a new precious metal refinery. KL was Vice Chairman of SBMA from 2017 to 2021, now serving as Chairman. With a degree in business commerce, finance, and marketing, he brings prior experience from refinery and heavy industries.